"Eisenhower was the most successful twentieth-century president."
You would never have heard anything like this from the mainstream media, from most college professors, or from very many people in Hollywood. On the contrary, all day long it is Kennedy, Kennedy, and Kennedy. This is because John F. Kennedy (35th U.S. president 1961-1963) had that glamorous, GQ image some people think is such an important leadership quality. By contrast, Eisenhower came across as old, bald, and boring. It didn't help that he was a Republican.
Kennedy stood up for civil rights reform, that is, he gave emotional speeches supporting it. It matters not that Kennedy failed to get a significant civil rights bill passed through Congress; surely he would have succeeded in another attempt had he not been gunned down in Dallas on November 22, 1963. Maybe... or maybe not... We will never know.
Eisenhower, in the judgement of many historians, was aloof about the need for civil rights reform. Eisenhower sent an airborne division into Little Rock, Arkansas, to forcibly desegregate a school there, or rather, make sure the officials complied with a court order to do so. He didn't do it out of the kindness of his heart. He did it to show states couldn't defy federal courts, right?
Paul Johnson's claim about Eisenhower being the most successful twentieth-century president got me interested in researching this old, bald, boring, aloof, old president, a little further. Then, last summer, I picked up a new, hardback biography entitled Eisenhower In War And Peace by Jean Edward Smith. The book offered a new, fresh take on the 34th president. It sought to debunk fabrications and distortions about him. Among the revisions was new evidence, not new, but ignored by most researchers. This evidence shows Eisenhower to have been a very active and effective president in combating race discrimination. Here are the facts:
*Eisenhower desegregated the armed forces. The previous president, Harry Truman, gave the order and gets the credit. However, until Eisenhower was elected the order was ignored by the military. Eisenhower made sure they complied with the order and held them accountable.
*Eisenhower appointed Earl Warren, John Harlan, and William Brennan to the U.S. Supreme Court: all fierce activists for civil rights reform. Many Eisenhower appointees to the justice department were of the same ilk and would play a pivotal role in the civil rights fights of the 50's and 60's.
The book uncovers many more nuggets of reality that dispel the unfair notion that Eisenhower was aloof on civil rights. Part of the reason not much of it has come to light until now is because Eisenhower, unlike some other presidents, did not get on a soapbox and blab all day long about his accomplishments. Instead, he worked behind the scenes to do what he wanted and allowed other people to reap the credit.
Johnson's and Smith's work raised the stature of President Eisenhower in my ranking of U.S. presidents. Then a month ago, I found myself thumbing through a reference work of essays on the American presidents. When I got to the essay on Eisenhower, the first paragraph stopped me dead in my tracks! I read it over and over to let the meaning sink into the recesses of my understanding. It had me thinking about the very qualities that make a presidency successful. I then realized why such qualities are sorely lacking in the current White House. Here is the text of the paragraph from the book The American Presidency: The Authoritative Reference (Editors Alan Brinkley an Davis Dyer):
"The Eisenhower Presidency [34th U.S. president 1953 - 1961] was one of the most unusual in modern American history. Both Eisenhower himself and many of his top aides had no previous experience in public office. Even more atypical, he and they had spent most of their adult lives rising to the the top in other fields of endeavor, most notably the military, business, law, and education. In no other twentieth-century presidential administration did the professional politician enjoy less prestige and influence. Despite, or perhaps because of, those circumstances, Eisenhower's presidency was highly competitive, effective, and successful, the most so of any presidency since World War II."
-David L. Stebenne
Ohio State University
Here Is The Rundown of Eisenhower's Other Presidential Successes:
Boortz explained the difference between a businessman and a politician in these ways:
*one is sought for their job; the other seeks their job
*one invests their capital, and their ability to stay in power is based on results; the other invests the capital of taxpayers and blames other entities for failures
*one is hired by people who run the industry; the other is hired by anyone who shows up to cast a vote
*one is qualified based on credentials, experience, and job
performance; the other is qualified by age, citizenship, and friends who are willing to promote their candidacy by making promises to an electorate, some of whom are barely literate
Dear Reader,
In thinking about the qualities needed in your next favorite candidate for the presidency in 2016, certain principles should come to mind. Some may be obvious: devotion to constitutional principles, love of country, fiscal responsibility, and an America-first foreign policy.
Other qualities may be more subtle, but equally important. Not the least of these is a results-based decision making compass. Competence builds this compass. Accomplishment bolsters it. Wisdom guides it through the fog of everyday life. More than most, President Eisenhower embodied this style of leadership. It is a style sorely lacking and badly needed today in the White House and on Capitol Hill.
Patriot Thought
Jason,
ReplyDeleteExcellent stuff! I really dig these articles. One qualm: I don't think Suez can be regarded as a long-term success for Eisenhower. It bought us no credibility with the developing world and managed to alienate important Allies. As a result, we got no real help from Britain in Vietnam and plenty of hostility from France in the 1960's. France's desire to oppose or sabotage us on key issues has continued to this day.
Chris
Also, can we call Justice Warren and Brennan accomplishments from a conservative point of view? If they were good on civil rights (which is huge), they were not good on much else. Their support for civil rights has to be balanced with their disregard for the Constitution.
ReplyDeleteChris, great long term perspective on Suez! Some of that I hadn't thought of before.
ReplyDeleteOn Warren and Brennan, you are correct that they were disasters from a conservative/constitutional perspective. But in this piece, I show them to be part of Ike's conscious effort to advance civil rights. Recognition of his civil rights accomplishments is long overdue. Only now are we seeing recent (responsible)historians like Jean Edward Smith take on the distortions and fabrications of Stephen Ambrose. Ambrose did great harm to Ike's civil rights record, in the many books he wrote about him. Ambrose claimed to have had an interview with Ike, in which Ike told him he wished Brown vs. Board never happened. Smith points out that no evidence of said interview ever took place and no one has corroborated it. Ambrose always painted Ike as aloof or uncaring on civil rights. The real record shows otherwise.
Thanks. Do you know if Ike ever expressed regret for some of the decisions of the Warren/Brennan court?
ReplyDeleteExcellent question. I don't know. He kept his reservations to himself mostly. For example, he was never impressed with Kennedy, but backed him to the hilt in the Cuban crises. JFK relied on Ike for advice through some of that. Ike disliked criticizing people in public.
ReplyDelete